The Department of Surgery is an accredited center for the training of young surgeons and plays a significant role in research on a national level.

The clinic is divided into several departments: general and oncological surgery, trauma surgery, vascular surgery, and plastic surgery. In addition to specialized care, the clinic also provides care similar to that of a city and district hospital in Hradec Králové. The healthcare services are offered on an outpatient basis, in inpatient wards, and in intensive care units (ICUs). Surgeries are performed in central operating rooms, which constitute a separate department of the University Hospital HK.

The department's outpatient operations provide healthcare services similar to those of a polyclinic, with specialized outpatient departments offering comprehensive treatment for patients with various health issues. In general surgery, the department provides comprehensive care for patients with diseases of the entire digestive tract, performing surgeries on the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, colon, rectum, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas. Various types of hernias are also operated on here, and the clinic performs gastric surgeries for obesity.

In the neck area, surgeries are performed for thyroid gland dysfunctions and thyroid cancer, as well as operations on the parathyroid glands. The department also offers specialized care for patients with breast diseases, both for men and women.

In abdominal surgery, the clinic performs operations both by traditional open methods and laparoscopically, which is a minimally invasive technique. Laparoscopic procedures are commonly used for gallstones, inguinal hernias, some diaphragmatic hernias, and for obesity-related gastric surgeries. The appendix is also laparoscopically removed for chronic inflammation, and some resection procedures on the liver and large intestine are performed laparoscopically. This makes the department one of the leading institutions providing state-of-the-art surgical care.